Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 312-320, October 2001

Monitoring gene therapy with reporter gene imaging

  • Pritha Ray

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Eileen Bauer

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Meera Lyer

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Jorge R. Barrio

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Nagichettiar Satyamurthy

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Michael E. Phelps

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Harvey R. Herschman

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • ,
  • Sanjiv Sam Gambhir

      Affiliations

    • Crupm Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Department of Biomathematics, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Molecular Biology Institute, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • UCLA-Jonsson Comprehensive Cancer Center, UCLA School of Medicine, Los Angeles, CA USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Sanjiv Sam Gambhir, MD, PhD, Crump Institute for Molecular Imaging, UCLA School of Medicine, B3-399A BRI, Box 951770, Los Angeles, CA 90095-1770.

Rapid advances in imaging technologies and gene transfer strategies offer a great opportunity to optimize clinical trials of human gene therapy. Reporter genes are emerging as very powerful tools to monitor the delivery, magnitude, and time variation of therapeutic gene transfer in vivo. Several reporter genes, such as the herpes simplex virus type 1 thymidine kinase, the dopamine type 2 receptor, and the somatostatin receptor type 2, are currently being successfully used with gamma camera, single photon emission computed tomography, and positron emission tomography imaging. These reporter genes can be coupled with a therapeutic gene of interest to indirectly monitor the expression of the therapeutic gene. Finally, applications of the reporter gene technology to other areas, such as cell trafficking studies and transgenic animal models, are now possible.

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PII: S0001-2998(01)80010-6

doi:10.1053/snuc.2001.26209

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 4 , Pages 312-320, October 2001

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