Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 223-237 , July 2001

Cardiac nuclear medicine in monitoring patients with coronary heart disease

  • J. Anthony Parker

      Affiliations

    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to J. Anthony Parker, MD, PhD, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, 330 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215-5491.

References 

  1. Front D, Israel O. Present state and future role of gallium-67 scintigraphy in lymphoma. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:530–532
  2. Blumgart HL, Yens OC. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. I. The method utilized. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:1–13
  3. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. II. The velocity of blood flow in normal resting individuals, and a critique of the method used. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:15–31
  4. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. III. The velocity of blood flow and its relation to other aspects of the circulation in patients with rheumatic and syphilitic heart disease. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:149–171
  5. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. IV. The velocity of blood flow and its relation to other aspects of the circulation in patients with arteriosclerosis and in patients with arterial hypertension. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:173–197
  6. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. V. The physiological and the pathological significance of the velocity of blood flow. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:199–209
  7. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. VI. The method of collecting the active deposit of radium and its preparation for intravenous injection. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:389–397
  8. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. VII. The pulmonary circulation time in normal resting individuals. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:399–425
  9. Blumgart HL, Weiss S. Studies on the velocity of blood flow. VIII. The velocity of blood flow and its relation to other aspects of the circulation in patients with pulmonary emphysema. J Clin Invest. 1927;4:555–574
  10. Blumgart HL, Freedberg AS, Kurland GS. Treatment of incapacitated euthyroid cardiac patients with radioactive iodine: Summary of results in treatment of 1070 patients with angina pectoris or congestive failure. J Am Med Assoc. 1955;157:1–4
  11. Maltz DL, Treves S. Quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography: Determination of the Qp:Qs in children. Circulation. 1973;47:1049–1056
  12. Schwartz RG, McKenzie WB, Alexander J, et al. Congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction complicating doxorubicin therapy. Seven-year experience using serial radionuclide angiocardiography. Am J Med. 1987;82:1109–1118
  13. Palmeri ST, Bonow RO, Myers CE, et al. Prospective evaluation of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity by rest and exercise radionuclide angiography. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58:607–613
  14. Alexander J, Dainiak N, Berger HJ, et al. Serial assessment of doxorubicin cardiotoxicity with quantitative radionuclide angiocardiography. N Engl J Med. 1979;300:278–283
  15. Strauss HW, Zaret BL, Martin ND, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of regional myocardial perfusion with potassium 43. Technique in patients with exercise-induced transient myocardial ischemia. Radiology. 1973;108:85–90
  16. Zaret BL, Strauss HW, Martin ND, et al. Noninvasive regional myocardial perfusion with radioactive potassium. Study of patients at rest, with exercise and during angina pectoris. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:809–812
  17. Ritchie JL, Zaret BL, Strauss HW, et al. Myocardial imaging with thallium-201: A multicenter study in patients with angina pectoris or acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1978;42:345–350
  18. Brown KA, Boucher CA, Okada RD, et al. Prognostic value of exercise thallium-201 imaging in patients presenting for evaluation of chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1:994–1001
  19. Iskandrian AS, Hakki AH, Kane-Marsch S. Prognostic implications of exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy in patients with suspected or known coronary artery disease. Am Heart J. 1985;110:135–143
  20. Ladenheim ML, Pollock BH, Rozanski A, et al. Extent and severity of myocardial hypoperfusion as predictors of prognosis in patients with suspected coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;7:464–471
  21. Iskandrian AS, Hakki AH, Kane-Marsch S. Exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy in men with nondiagnostic exercise electrocardiograms. Prognostic implications. Arch Intern Med. 1986;146:2189–2193
  22. Staniloff HM, Forrester JS, Berman DS, et al. Prediction of death, myocardial infarction, and worsening chest pain using thallium scintigraphy and exercise electrocardiography. J Nucl Med. 1986;27:1842–1848
  23. Gill JB, Ruddy TD, Newell JB, et al. Prognostic importance of thallium uptake by the lungs during exercise in coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1987;317:1486–1489
  24. Felsher J, Meissner MD, Hakki AH, et al. Exercise thallium imaging in patients with diabetes mellitus. Prognostic implications. Arch Intern Med. 1987;147:313–317
  25. Brown KA, Weiss RM, Clements JP, et al. Usefulness of residual ischemic myocardium within prior infarct zone for identifying patients at high risk late after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1987;60:15–19
  26. Iskandrian AS, Heo J, Decoskey D, et al. Use of exercise thallium-201 imaging for risk stratification of elderly patients with coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1988;61:269–272
  27. Kaul S, Finkelstein DM, Homma S, et al. Superiority of quantitative exercise thallium-201 variables in determining long-term prognosis in ambulatory patients with chest pain: A comparison with cardiac catheterization. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:25–34
  28. Kaul S, Lilly DR, Gascho JA, et al. Prognostic utility of the exercise thallium-201 test in ambulatory patients with chest pain: Comparison with cardiac catheterization. Circulation. 1988;77:745–758
  29. Stratmann HG, Mark AL, Walter KE, et al. Prognostic value of atrial pacing and thallium-201 scintigraphy in patients with stable chest pain. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:985–990
  30. Lane SE, Lewis SM, Pippin JJ, et al. Predictive value of quantitative dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy in assessing cardiovascular risk after vascular surgery in diabetes mellitus. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:1275–1279
  31. Hendel RC, Layden JJ, Leppo JA. Prognostic value of dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy for evaluation of ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:109–116
  32. Pollock SG, Abbott RD, Boucher CA, et al. Independent and incremental prognostic value of tests performed in hierarchical order to evaluate patients with suspected coronary artery disease. Validation of models based on these tests. Circulation. 1992;85:237–248
  33. Iskandrian AS, Chae SC, Heo J, et al. Independent and incremental prognostic value of exercise single-photon emission computed tomographic (SPECT) thallium imaging in coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:665–670
  34. Kamal AM, Fattah AA, Pancholy S, et al. Prognostic value of adenosine single-photon emission computed tomographic thallium imaging in medically treated patients with angiographic evidence of coronary artery disease. J Nucl Cardiol. 1994;1:254–261
  35. Stratmann HG, Williams GA, Wittry MD, et al. Exercise technetium-99m sestamibi tomography for cardiac risk stratification of patients with stable chest pain. Circulation. 1994;89:615–622
  36. Stratmann HG, Tamesis BR, Younis LT, et al. Prognostic value of dipyridamole technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial tomography in patients with stable chest pain who are unable to exercise. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:647–652
  37. Machecourt J, Longere P, Fagret D, et al. Prognostic value of thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomographic myocardial perfusion imaging according to extent of myocardial defect. Study in 1,926 patients with follow-up at 33 months. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23:1096–1106
  38. Berman DS, Hachamovitch R, Kiat H, et al. Incremental value of prognostic testing in patients with known or suspected ischemic heart disease: A basis for optimal utilization of exercise technetium-99m sestamibi myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:639–647
  39. Marie PY, Danchin N, Durand JF, et al. Long-term prediction of major ischemic events by exercise thallium-201 single-photon emission computed tomography. Incremental prognostic value compared with clinical, exercise testing, catheterization and radionuclide angiographic data. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:879–886
  40. Pancholy SB, Fattah AA, Kamal AM, et al. Independent and incremental prognostic value of exercise thallium single-photon emission computed tomographic imaging in women. J Nucl Cardiol. 1995;2:110–116
  41. Geleijnse ML, Elhendy A, van Domburg RT, et al. Prognostic value of dobutamine-atropine stress technetium-99m sestamibi perfusion scintigraphy in patients with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:447–454
  42. Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, et al. Exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in patients without known coronary artery disease: Incremental prognostic value and use in risk stratification. Circulation. 1996;93:905–914
  43. Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, et al. Effective risk stratification using exercise myocardial perfusion SPECT in women: Gender-related differences in prognostic nuclear testing. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1996;28:34–44
  44. Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Kiat H, et al. Incremental prognostic value of adenosine stress myocardial perfusion single-photon emission computed tomography and impact on subsequent management in patients with or suspected of having myocardial ischemia. Am J Cardiol. 1997;80:426–433
  45. Hachamovitch R. Prognostic characterization of patients with mild coronary artery disease with myocardial perfusion. J Nucl Cardiol. 1998;5:90–95
  46. Hachamovitch R, Berman DS, Shaw LJ, et al. Incremental prognostic value of myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography for the prediction of cardiac death: Differential stratification for risk of cardiac death and myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1998;97:535–543
  47. Sharir T, Berman DS, Lewin HC, et al. Incremental prognostic value of rest-redistribution (201) Tl single-photon emission computed tomography. Circulation. 1999;100:1964–1970
  48. Sharir T, Germano G, Kavanagh PB, et al. Incremental prognostic value of post-stress left ventricular ejection fraction and volume by gated myocardial perfusion single photon emission computed tomography. Circulation. 1999;100:1035–1042
  49. Amanullah AM, Heo J, Acio E, et al. Predictors of outcome of medically treated patients with left main/threevessel coronary artery disease by coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:445–448Amanullah AM, Heo J, Acio E, et al. Predictors of outcome of medically treated patients with left main/threevessel coronary artery disease by coronary angiography. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83:A449
  50. Marcassa C, Galli M, Baroffio C, et al. Independent and incremental prognostic value of (201)Tl lung uptake at rest in patients with severe postischemic left ventricular dysfunction. Circulation. 2000;102:1795–1801
  51. Amanullah AM, Berman DS, Kang X, et al. Enhanced prognostic stratification of patients with left ventricular hypertrophy with the use of single-photon emission computed tomography. Am Heart J. 2000;140:456–462
  52. Groutars RG, Verzijlbergen JF, Muller AJ, et al. Prognostic value and quality of life in patients with normal rest thallium-201/stress technetium 99m-tetrofosmin dual-isotope myocardial SPECT. J Nucl Cardiol. 2000;7:333–341
  53. Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, et al. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: A report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients With Chronic Stable Angina). J Am Coll Cardiol. 1999;33:2092–2197
  54. Gibbons RJ, Chatterjee K, Daley J, et al. ACC/AHA/ACP-ASIM guidelines for the management of patients with chronic stable angina: Executive summary and recommendations. A Report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on Practice Guidelines (Committee on Management of Patients with Chronic Stable Angina). Circulation. 1999;99:2829–2848
  55. Gibson RS, Watson DD, Craddock GB, et al. Prediction of cardiac events after uncomplicated myocardial infarction: A prospective study comparing predischarge exercise thallium-201 scintigraphy and coronary angiography. Circulation. 1983;68:321–336
  56. Leppo JA, O'Brien J, Rothendler JA, et al. Dipyridamole-thallium-201 scintigraphy in the prediction of future cardiac events after acute myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1984;310:1014–1018
  57. Hung J, Goris ML, Nash E, et al. Comparative value of maximal treadmill testing, exercise thallium myocardial perfusion scintigraphy and exercise radionuclide ventriculography for distinguishing high- and low-risk patients soon after acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1984;53:1221–1227
  58. Boucher CA, Brewster DC, Darling RC, et al. Determination of cardiac risk by dipyridamole-thallium imaging before peripheral vascular surgery. N Engl J Med. 1985;312:389–394
  59. Gibson RS, Beller GA, Gheorghiade M, et al. The prevalence and clinical significance of residual myocardial ischemia 2 weeks after uncomplicated non-Q wave infarction: A prospective natural history study. Circulation. 1986;73:1186–1198
  60. Abraham RD, Freedman SB, Dunn RF, et al. Prediction of multivessel coronary artery disease and prognosis early after acute myocardial infarction by exercise electrocardiography and thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scanning. Am J Cardiol. 1986;58:423–427
  61. Leppo J, Plaja J, Gionet M, et al. Noninvasive evaluation of cardiac risk before elective vascular surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;9:269–276
  62. Eagle KA, Singer DE, Brewster DC, et al. Dipyridamole-thallium scanning in patients undergoing vascular surgery. Optimizing preoperative evaluation of cardiac risk. JAMA. 1987;257:2185–2189
  63. Wilson WW, Gibson RS, Nygaard TW, et al. Acute myocardial infarction associated with single vessel coronary artery disease: An analysis of clinical outcome and the prognostic importance of vessel patency and residual ischemic myocardium. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;11:223–234
  64. Pirelli S, Inglese E, Suppa M, et al. Dipyridamole-thallium 201 scintigraphy in the early post-infarction period. Safety and accuracy in predicting the extent of coronary disease and future recurrence of angina in patients suffering from their first myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J. 1988;9:1324–1331
  65. Sachs RN, Tellier P, Larmignat P, et al. Assessment by dipyridamole-thallium-201 myocardial scintigraphy of coronary risk before peripheral vascular surgery. Surgery. 1988;103:584–587
  66. Younis LT, Byers S, Shaw L, et al. Prognostic value of intravenous dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy after an acute myocardial ischemic event. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:161–166
  67. Gimple LW, Hutter AM, Guiney TE, et al. Prognostic utility of predischarge dipyridamole-thallium imaging compared to predischarge submaximal exercise electrocardiography and maximal exercise thallium imaging after uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:1243–1248
  68. Eagle KA, Coley CM, Newell JB, et al. Combining clinical and thallium data optimizes preoperative assessment of cardiac risk before major vascular surgery. Ann Intern Med. 1989;110:859–866
  69. Brown KA, Rimmer J, Haisch C. Noninvasive cardiac risk stratification of diabetic and nondiabetic uremic renal allograft candidates using dipyridamole-thallium-201 imaging and radionuclide ventriculography. Am J Cardiol. 1989;64:1017–1021
  70. Brown KA, O'Meara J, Chambers CE, et al. Ability of dipyridamole-thallium-201 imaging one to four days after acute myocardial infarction to predict in-hospital and late recurrent myocardial ischemic events. Am J Cardiol. 1990;65:160–167
  71. Younis LT, Aguirre F, Byers S, et al. Perioperative and long-term prognostic value of intravenous dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy in patients with peripheral vascular disease. Am Heart J. 1990;119:1287–1292
  72. Latte J, Waters D, Lassonde J, et al. Postoperative myocardial infarction and cardiac death. Predictive value of dipyridamole-thallium imaging and five clinical scoring systems based on multifactorial analysis. Ann Surg. 1990;211:84–90
  73. Tilkemeier PL, Guiney TE, LaRaia PJ, et al. Prognostic value of predischarge low-level exercise thallium testing after thrombolytic treatment of acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:1203–1207
  74. Hendel RC, Gore JM, Alpert JS, et al. Prognosis following interventional therapy for acute myocardial infarction: Utility of dipyridamole thallium scintigraphy. Cardiology. 1991;79:73–80
  75. Cerqueira MD, Maynard C, Ritchie JL, et al. Long-term survival in 618 patients from the Western Washington Streptokinase in Myocardial Infarction trials. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:1452–1459
  76. Lette J, Waters D, Bernier H, et al. Preoperative and long-term cardiac risk assessment. Predictive value of 23 clinical descriptors, 7 multivariate scoring systems, and quantitative dipyridamole imaging in 360 patients. Ann Surg. 1992;216:192–204
  77. Miller TD, Gersh BJ, Christian TF, et al. Limited prognostic value of thallium-201 exercise treadmill testing early after myocardial infarction in patients treated with thrombolysis. Am Heart J. 1995;130:259–266
  78. Mahmarian JJ, Mahmarian AC, Marks GF, et al. Role of adenosine thallium-201 tomography for defining long-term risk in patients after acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;25:1333–1340
  79. Brown KA, Heller GV, Landin RS, et al. Early dipyridamole (99m)Tc-sestamibi single photon emission computed tomographic imaging 2 to 4 days after acute myocardial infarction predicts in-hospital and postdischarge cardiac events: Comparison with submaximal exercise imaging. Circulation. 1999;100:2060–2066
  80. Bosch X, Magrina J, March R, et al. Prediction of in-hospital cardiac events using dipyridamole-thallium scintigraphy performed very early after acute myocardial infarction. Clin Cardiol. 1996;19:189–196
  81. Wackers FJ, Russo DJ, Russo D, et al. Prognostic significance of normal quantitative planar thallium-201 stress scintigraphy in patients with chest pain. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1985;6:27–30
  82. Pamelia FX, Gibson RS, Watson DD, et al. Prognosis with chest pain and normal thallium-201 exercise scintigrams. Am J Cardiol. 1985;55:920–926
  83. Brown KA. Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging. A diagnostic tool comes of age. Circulation. 1991;83:363–381
  84. Lette J, Waters D, Champagne P, et al. Prognostic implications of a negative dipyridamole-thallium scan: Results in 360 patients. Am J Med. 1992;92:615–620
  85. Brown KA, Altland E, Rowen M. Prognostic value of normal technetium-99m-sestamibi cardiac imaging. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:554–557
  86. Brown KA, Rowen M. Extent of jeopardized viable myocardium determined by myocardial perfusion imaging best predicts perioperative cardiac events in patients undergoing noncardiac surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;21:325–330
  87. Brown KA, Rowen M. Prognostic value of a normal exercise myocardial perfusion imaging study in patients with angiographically significant coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1993;71:865–867
  88. Abdel Fattah A, Kamal AM, Pancholy S, et al. Prognostic implications of normal exercise tomographic thallium images in patients with angiographic evidence of significant coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1994;74:769–771
  89. Schalet BD, Kegel JG, Heo J, et al. Prognostic implications of normal exercise SPECT thallium images in patients with strongly positive exercise electrocardiograms. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:1201–1203
  90. Gibbons RJ, Hodge DO, Berman DS, et al. Long-term outcome of patients with intermediate-risk exercise electrocardiograms who do not have myocardial perfusion defects on radionuclide imaging. Circulation. 1999;100:2140–2145
  91. Mark DB, Hlatky MA, Harrell FE, et al. Exercise treadmill score for predicting prognosis in coronary artery disease. Ann Intern Med. 1987;106:793–800
  92. Mark DB, Shaw L, Harrell FE, et al. Prognostic value of a treadmill exercise score in outpatients with suspected coronary artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1991;325:849–853
  93. Lette J, Lapointe J, Waters D, et al. Transient left ventricular cavitary dilation during dipyridamole-thallium imaging as an indicator of severe coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1990;66:1163–1170
  94. Ladenheim ML, Kotler TS, Pollock BH, et al. Incremental prognostic power of clinical history, exercise electrocardiography and myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in suspected coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:270–277
  95. Pollock SG, Abbott RD, Boucher CA, et al. A model to predict multivessel coronary artery disease from the exercise thallium-201 stress test. Am J Med. 1991;90:345–352
  96. Lee KL, Pryor DB, Pieper KS, et al. Prognostic value of radionuclide angiography in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease. A comparison with clinical and catheterization variables. Circulation. 1990;82:1705–1717
  97. Risk stratification and survival after myocardial infarction. N Engl J Med. 1983;309:331–336
  98. Gibbons RJ, Verani MS, Behrenbeck T, et al. Feasibility of tomographic 99mTc-hexakis-2-methoxy-2-methylpropyl-isonitrile imaging for the assessment of myocardial area at risk and the effect of treatment in acute myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1989;80:1277–1286
  99. McGhie AI, Willerson JT, Corbett JR. Radionuclide assessment of ventricular function and risk stratification after myocardial infarction. Circulation. 1991;84:167–176
  100. Shaw LJ, Heinle SK, Borges-Neto S, et al. Prognosis by measurements of left ventricular function during exercise. Duke Noninvasive Research Working Group. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:140–146
  101. Sugihara H, Tamaki N, Mitsunami K, et al. Prognostic value of 1-day stress/rest electrocardiogram-gated single-photon emission computed tomography using Tc-99m-labeled methoxy-isobutyl isonitrile. Jpn Circ J. 1998;62:405–408
  102. Nallamouthu N, Araujo L, Russell J, et al. Prognostic value of simultaneous perfusion and function assessment using technetium-99m sestamibi. Am J Cardiol. 1996;78:562–564
  103. Sharir T, Bacher-Stier C, Dhar S, et al. Identification of severe and extensive coronary artery disease by postexercise regional wall motion abnormalities in Tc-99m sestamibi gated single-photon emission computed tomography. Am J Cardiol. 2000;86:1171–1175
  104. Koss JH, Kobren SM, Grunwald AM, et al. Role of exercise thallium-201 myocardial perfusion scintigraphy in predicting prognosis in suspected coronary artery disease. Am J Cardiol. 1987;59:531–534
  105. Brown KA. Prognostic value of thallium-201 myocardial perfusion imaging in patients with unstable angina who respond to medical treatment. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;17:1053–1057
  106. Brown KA, McKay R, Heller GV, et al. Hemodynamic determinants of thallium-201 lung uptake in patients during atrial pacing stress. Am Heart J. 1986;111:103–107
  107. Lette J, Waters D, Lassonde J, et al. Multivariate clinical models and quantitative dipyridamole-thallium imaging to predict cardiac morbidity and death after vascular reconstruction. J Vasc Surg. 1991;14:160–169
  108. Coley CM, Field TS, Abraham SA, et al. Usefulness of dipyridamole-thallium scanning for preoperative evaluation of cardiac risk for nonvascular surgery. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:1280–1285
  109. Gioia G, Milan E, Giubbini R, et al. Prognostic value of tomographic rest-redistribution thallium 201 imaging in medically treated patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. J Nucl Cardiol. 1996;3:150–156
  110. Better N, Parker JA, Rocco TP, et al. Myocardial perfusion scintigraphy: Effect on diagnostic and clinical management algorithms. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1618–1621
  111. Iskander S, Iskandriaa AE. Prognostic utility of myocardial viability assessment. Am J Cardiol. 1999;83(A697):696–702
  112. Gibson RS, Watson DD, Taylor GJ, et al. Prospective assessment of regional myocardial perfusion before and after coronary revascularization surgery by quantitative thallium-201 scintigraphy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1983;1:804–815
  113. Liu P, Kiess MC, Okada RD, et al. The persistent defect on exercise thallium imaging and its fate after myocardial revascularization: Does it represent scar or ischemia?. Am Heart J. 1985;110:996–1001
  114. Brunken R, Schwaiger M, Grover-McKay M, et al. Positron emission tomography detects tissue metabolic activity in myocardial segments with persistent thallium perfusion defects. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1987;10:557–567
  115. Ng CK, Holden JE, DeGrado TR, et al. Sensitivity of myocardial fluorodeoxyglucose lumped constant to glucose and insulin. Am J Physiol. 1991;260:H593–H603
  116. Botker HE, Bottcher M, Schmitz O, et al. Glucose uptake and lumped constant variability in normal human hearts determined with [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997;4:125–132
  117. Depre C, Vanoverschelde JL, Taegtmeyer H. Glucose for the heart. Circulation. 1999;99:578–588
  118. Ng CK, Soufer R, McNulty PH. Effect of hyperinsulinemia on myocardial fluorine-18-FDG uptake. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:379–383
  119. Botker HE, Goodwin GW, Holden JE, et al. Myocardial glucose uptake measured with fluorodeoxyglucose: A proposed method to account for variable lumped constants. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1186–1196
  120. Wiggers H, Bottcher M, Nielsen TT, et al. Measurement of myocardial glucose uptake in patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy: Application of a new quantitative method using regional tracer kinetic information. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1292–1300
  121. Tillisch J, Brunken R, Marshall R, et al. Reversibility of cardiac wall-motion abnormalities predicted by positron tomography. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:884–888
  122. Gropler RJ, Siegel BA, Lee KJ, et al. Nonuniformity in myocardial accumulation of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose in normal fasted humans. J Nucl Med. 1990;31:1749–1756
  123. Tamaki N, Yonekura Y, Kawamoto M, et al. Simple quantification of regional myocardial uptake of fluorine-18-deoxyglucose in the fasting condition. J Nucl Med. 1991;32:2152–2157
  124. Hicks RJ, Herman WH, Kalff V, et al. Quantitative evaluation of regional substrate metabolism in the human heart by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:101–111
  125. 48P Hashimoto A, Fischman AJ, Gold HK, et al. “Functional” viability assessment by dual isotope F18-FDG and Tc99m-sestamibi in acute myocardial infarction. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:
  126. Hashimoto A, Fischman A, Moroi M, et al. Identification of myocardial ischemia in areas of normal perfusion by rest-dual isotope SPECT with F18 deoxyglucose and Tc99m sestamibi in patients with unstable angina. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:S8
  127. Maki M, Luotolahti M, Nuutila P, et al. Glucose uptake in the chronically dysfunctional but viable myocardium. Circulation. 1996;93:1658–1666
  128. Knuuti MJ, Nuutila P, Ruotsalainen U, et al. Euglycemic hyperinsulinemic clamp and oral glucose load in stimulating myocardial glucose utilization during positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1255–1262
  129. Martin WH, Jones RC, Delbeke D, et al. A simplified intravenous glucose loading protocol for fluorine-18 fluorode-oxyglucose cardiac single-photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:1291–1297
  130. Knuuti MJ, Yki-Jarvinen H, Voipio-Pulkki LM, et al. Enhancement of myocardial [fluorine-18] fluorodeoxyglucose uptake by a nicotinic acid derivative. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:989–998
  131. Nuutila P, Koivisto VA, Knuuti J, et al. Glucose-free fatty acid cycle operates in human heart and skeletal muscle in vivo. J Clin Invest. 1992;89:1767–1774
  132. Knuuti MJ, Maki M, Yki-Jarvinen H, et al. The effect of insulin and FFA on myocardial glucose uptake. J Mol Cell Cardiol. 1995;27:1359–1367
  133. Bax JJ, Veening MA, Visser FC, et al. Optimal metabolic conditions during fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose imaging: A comparative study using different protocols. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:35–41
  134. Wijns W, Vatner SF, Camici PG. Hibemating myocardium. N Engl J Med. 1998;339:173–181
  135. Depre C, Vanoverschelde JL, Melin JA, et al. Structural and metabolic correlates of the reversibility of chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction in humans. Am J Physiol. 1995;268:H1265–H1275
  136. Depre C, Vanoverschelde JL, Gerber B, et al. Correlation of functional recovery with myocardial blood flow glucose uptake, and morphologic features in patients with chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1997;113:371–378
  137. Vanoverschelde JL, Wijns W, Borgers M, et al. Chronic myocardial hibernation in humans. From bedside to bench. Circulation. 1997;95:1961–1971
  138. Vanoverschelde JL, Depre C, Gerber BL, et al. Time course of functional recovery after coronary artery bypass graft surgery in patients with chronic left ventricular ischemic dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 2000;85:1432–1439
  139. Nienaber CA, Brunken RC, Sherman CT, et al. Metabolic and functional recovery of ischemic human myocardium after coronary angioplasty. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1991;18:966–978
  140. Eitzman D, al-Aouar Z, Kanter HL, et al. Clinical outcome of patients with advanced coronary artery disease after viability studies with positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20:559–565
  141. Marwick TH, Nemec JJ, Lafont A, et al. Prediction by postexercise fluoro-18 deoxyglucose positron emission tomography of improvement in exercise capacity after revascularization. Am J Cardiol. 1992;69:854–859
  142. Marwick TH, MacIntyre WJ, Lafont A, et al. Metabolic responses of hibernating and infarcted myocardium to revascularization. A follow-up study of regional perfusion, function, and metabolism. Circulation. 1992;85:1347–1353
  143. Lucignani G, Paolini G, Landoni C, et al. Presurgical identification of hibernating myocardium by combined use of technetium-99m hexakis 2-methoxyisobutylisonitrile single photon emission tomography and flourine-18 fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography in patients with coronary artery disease. Eur J Nucl Med. 1992;19:874–881
  144. Carrel T, Jenni R, Haubold-Reuter S, et al. Improvement of severely reduced left ventricular function after surgical revascularization in patients with preoperative myocardial infarction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1992;6:479–484
  145. Paolini G, Lucignani G, Zuccari M, et al. Identification and revascularization of hibernating myocardium in angina-free patients with left ventricular dysfunction. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 1994;8:139–144
  146. Tamaki N, Kawamoto M, Tadamura E, et al. Prediction of reversible ischemia after revascularization. Perfusion and metabolic studies with positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1995;91:1697–1705
  147. Shivalkar B, Maes A, Borgers M, et al. Only hibernating myocardium invariably shows early recovery after coronary revascularization. Circulation. 1996;94:308–315
  148. Haas F, Haehnel CJ, Picker W, et al. Preoperative positron emission tomographic viability assessment and perioperative and postoperative risk in patients with advanced ischemic heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:1693–1700
  149. Flameng WJ, Shivalkar B, Spiessens B, et al. PET scan predicts recovery of left ventricular function after coronary artery bypass operation. Ann Thorac Surg. 1997;64:1694–1701
  150. Bax JJ, Cornel JH, Visser FC, et al. Comparison of fluorine-18-FDG with rest-redistribution thallium-201 SPECT to delineate viable myocardium and predict functional recovery after revascularization. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:1481–1486
  151. Pagano D, Bonser RS, Townend JN, et al. Predictive value of dobutamine echocardiography and positron emission tomography in identifying hibernating myocardium in patients with postischaemic heart failure. Heart. 1998;79:281–288
  152. Pagano D, Lewis ME, Townend JN, et al. Coronary revascularization for postischaemic heart failure: How myocardial viability affects survival. Heart. 1999;82:584–688
  153. Pasquet A, Williams MJ, Secknus MA, et al. Correlation of preoperative myocardial function, perfusion, and metabolism with postoperative function at rest and stress after bypass surgery in severe left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:58–64
  154. Bax JJ, Visser FC, Elhendy A, et al. Prediction of improvement of regional left ventricular function after revascularization using different perfusion-metabolism criteria. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1866–1873
  155. Landoni C, Lucignani G, Paolini G, et al. Assessment of CABG-related risk in patients with CAD and LVD. Contribution of PET with [18F]FDG to the assessment of myocardial viability. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino). 1999;40:363–372
  156. Pasquet A, Lauer MS, Williams MJ, et al. Prediction of global left ventricular function after bypass surgery in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction. Impact of pre-operative myocardial function, perfusion, and metabolism. Eur Heart J. 2000;21:125–136
  157. McFalls EO, Baldwin D, Kuskowski M, et al. Utility of positron emission tomography in predicting improved left ventricular ejection fraction after coronary artery bypass grafting among patients with ischemic cardiomyopathy. Cardiology. 2000;93:105–112
  158. Haas F, Augustin N, Holper K, et al. Time course and extent of improvement of dysfunctioning myocardium in patients with coronary artery disease and severely depressed left ventricular function after revascularization: Correlation with positron emission tomographic findings. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;36:1927–1934
  159. Pagano D. Hibernating myocardium in post-ischaemic heart failure: Pathophysiology, identification and revascularisation. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2000;82:236–242
  160. Sato H, Iwasaki T, Toyama T, et al. Prediction of functional recovery after revascularization in coronary artery disease using (18)F-FDG and (123)I-BMIPP SPECT. Chest. 2000;117:65–72
  161. Schwaiger M, Brunken R, Grover-McKay M, et al. Regional myocardial metabolism in patients with acute myocardial infarction assessed by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1986;8:800–808
  162. Brunken R, Tillisch J, Schwaiger M, et al. Regional perfusion, glucose metabolism, and wall motion in patients with chronic electrocardiographic Q wave infarctions: Evidence for persistence of viable tissue in some infarct regions by positron emission tomography. Circulation. 1986;73:951–963
  163. Hashimoto T, Kambara H, Fudo T, et al. Non-Q wave versus Q wave myocardial infarction: Regional myocardial metabolism and blood flow assessed by positron emission tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1988;12:88–93
  164. Knuuti MJ, Nuutila P, Ruotsalainen U, et al. The value of quantitative analysis of glucose utilization in detection of myocardial viability by PET. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:2068–2075
  165. Dilsizian V, Arrighi JA, Diodati JG, et al. Myocardial viability in patients with chronic coronary artery disease. Comparison of 99mTc-sestamibi with thallium reinjection and [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose. Circulation. 1994;89:578–587
  166. Di Carli MF, Davidson M, Little R, et al. Value of metabolic imaging with positron emission tomography for evaluating prognosis in patients with coronary artery disease and left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 1994;73:527–533
  167. Bax JJ, Visser FC, Blanksma PK, et al. Comparison of myocardial uptake of fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose imaged with PET and SPECT in dysynergic myocardium. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1631–1636
  168. Srinivasan G, Kitsiou AN, Bacharach SL, et al. [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose single photon emission computed tomography: Can it replace PET and thallium SPECT for the assessment of myocardial viability?. Circulation. 1998;97:843–850
  169. Marin-Neto JA, Dilsizian V, Arrighi JA, et al. Thallium scintigraphy compared with 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography for assessing myocardial viability in patients with moderate versus left ventricular dysfunction. Am J Cardiol. 1998;82:1001–1007
  170. Yamagishi H, Akioka K, Hirata K, et al. Dobutamine-stress electrocardiographically gated positron emission tomography for detection of viable but dysfunctional myocardium. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:626–632
  171. Pagano D, Townend JN, Parums DV, et al. Hibernating myocardium: Morphological correlates of inotropic stimulation and glucose uptake. Heart. 2000;83:456–461
  172. Hasegawa S, Uehara T, Yamaguchi H, et al. Validity of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose imaging with a dual-head coincidence gamma camera for detection of myocardial viability. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:1884–1892
  173. Nowak B, Zimny M, Schwarz ER, et al. Diagnosis of myocardial viability by dual-head coincidence gamma camera fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography with and without non-uniform attenuation correction. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:1501–1508
  174. Bax JJ, Visser FC, van Lingen A, et al. Feasibility of assessing regional myocardial uptake of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose using single photom emission computed tomography. Eur Heart J. 1993;14:1675–1682
  175. Stoll HP, Hellwig N, Alexander C, et al. Myocardial metabolic imaging by means of fluorine-18 deoxyglucose/technetium-99m sestamibi dual-isotope single-photon emission tomography. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:1085–1093
  176. Bax JJ, Visser FC, van Lingen A, et al. Relation between myocardial uptake of thallium-201 chloride and fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose imaged with single-photon emission tomography in normal individuals. Eur J Nucl Med. 1995;22:56–60
  177. Sandler MP, Videlefsky S, Delbeke D, et al. Evaluation of myocardial ischemia using a rest metabolism/stress perfusion protocol with fluorine-18 deoxyglucose/technetium-99m MIBI and dual-isotope simultaneous-acquisition single-photon emission computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1995;26:870–878
  178. Bax JJ, Cornel JH, Visser FC, et al. Prediction of improvement of contractile function in patients with ischemic ventricular dysfunction after revascularization by fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose single-photon emission computed tomography. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1997;30:377–383
  179. Rambaldi R, Poldermans D, Bax JJ, et al. Dobutamine stress echocardiography and technetium-99m-tetrofosmin/fluorine 18-fluorodeoxyglucose single-photon emission computed tomography and influence of resting ejection fraction to assess myocardial viability in patients with severe left ventricular dysfunction and healed myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol. 1999;84:130–134
  180. DePuey EG, Ghesani M, Schwartz M, et al. Comparative performance of gated perfusion SPECT wall thickening, delayed thallium uptake, and F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose SPECT in detecting myocardial viability. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:418–428
  181. Cornel JH, Bax JJ, Elhendy A, et al. Agreement and disagreement between “metabolic viability” and “contractile reserve” in akinetic myocardium. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:383–388
  182. Huitink JM, Visser FC, van Lingen A, et al. Feasibility of planar fluorine-18-FDG imaging after recent myocardial infarction to assess myocardial viability. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:975–981
  183. Bax JJ, Visser FC, van Lingen A, et al. Myocardial F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose imaging by SPECT. Clin Nucl Med. 1995;20:486–490
  184. Fitzgerald J, Parker JA, Danias PG. F-18 fluorodeoxyglucose SPECT for assessment of myocardial viability. J Nucl Cardiol. 2000;7:382–387
  185. Sandler MP, Bax JJ, Patton JA, et al. Fluorine-18-fluorodeoxyglucose cardiac imaging using a modified scintillation camera. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:2035–2043
  186. Martin WH, Delbeke D, Patton JA, et al. FDG-SPECT: Correlation with FDG-PET. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:988–995
  187. Parker JA, Moore SC, English J, et al. 180° versus 360° myocardial 511 keV single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT). Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:1025
  188. Burt RW, Perkins OW, Oppenheim BE, et al. Direct comparison of fluorine-18-FDG SPECT, fluorine-18-FDG PET and rest thallium-201 SPECT for detection of myocardial viability. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:176–179
  189. Chen EQ, MacIntyre WJ, Go RT, et al. Myocardial viability studies using fluorine-18-FDG SPECT: A comparison with fluorine-18-FDG PET. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:582–586
  190. Sandler MP, Patton JA. Fluorine 18-labeled fluorodeoxyglucose myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography: An alternative for determining myocardial viability. J Nucl Cardiol. 1996;3:342–349
  191. Tamaki N, Kawamoto M, Takahashi N, et al. Prognostic value of an increase in fluorine-18 deoxyglucose uptake in patients with myocardial infarction: Comparison with stress thallium imaging. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:1621–1627
  192. vom Dahl J, Altehoefer C, Sheehan FH, et al. Effect of myocardial viability assessed by technetium-99m-sestamibi SPECT and fluorine-18-FDG PET on clinical outcome in coronary artery disease. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:742–748

PII: S0001-2998(01)80022-2

doi: 10.1053/snuc.2001.23529

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 3 , Pages 223-237 , July 2001

Article Tools