« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 2
, Pages 90-101
, April 2001
Pathophysiology and diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis
References
- . Physician practices in the management of venous thromboembolism: A community-wide survey. J Vasc Surg. 1992;16:707–714
- . Deep vein thrombosis and pulmonary embolism: Prevention, diagnosis, and treatment. Geriatrics. 1992;47:48–63
- . Venous thromboembolic disease: The role of US. Radiology. 1993;186:619–630
- . The structure and growth of valve pocket thrombi in femoral veins. J Clin Pathol. 1974;27:517–528
- Factor IX is activated in vivo by the tissue factor mechanism. Blood. 1990;76:731–736
- Venous endothelial leukocytes. Am J Pathol. 1974;74:507–532
- . Untersuchungen über thrombose. Zentralbl Med Wissenschaften. 1872;10:129
- . The epidemiology, pathogenesis and natural history of venous thrombosis. In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ, et al. editor. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. ed 3. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 1994;
- Natural history of postoperative deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1969;2:230–232
- Need for long-term anticoagulant treatment in symptomatic calf-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1985;2:515–518
- . Venous thrombosis: Analysis of 580 cases. Surgery. 1951;29:24–43
- The long-term clinical course of acute deep venous thrombosis. Ann Intern Med. 1996;125:1–7
- . Die verstopfund den lungenarteries und ihre folgen. Betir Exp Pathol Physiol. 1846;21
- Hypoxia mediates the barrier and coagulant function of bovine endothelium: Increased monolayer permeability and induction of procoagulant properties. J Clin Invest. 1980;85:1090–1098
- . Effect of bedrest on resting calf blood flow of healthy adult males. Br Med J. 1962;1:1721
- . Early post-operative ambulation. Am Surg. 1946;124:180
- . Venous thrombosis in the lower limbs with particular reference to bedrest. Br J Surg. 1957;45:209–236
- . The impact of prophylactic measures in fatal pulmonary embolism. Arch Surg. 1979;114:366–369
- Thrombus production by turbulence. J Appl Physiol. 1972;32:261–264
- . Measured turbulence and its effect on thrombus formation. Circ Res. 1974;35:608–614
- Venous stasis in the lower extremities. Ann Surg. 1960;152:678–685
- . 33-Thromboglobulin: A new tool for the diagnosis of hypercoagulability?. In: Neri Serner GG, Prentic CRM editor. Haemostasis and Thrombosis. London: Academic Press; 1978;p. 159
- Venous thromboembolism in association with prolonged air travel. Dermatol Surg. 1996;22:637–641
- . Venous thromboembolism and travel: Is there an association. J R Coll Physicians Lond. 1992;26:47–49
- . Postmortem intraosseous phlebography as an aid in studies of venous thromboembolism. Angiology. 1969;20:155–179
- . Postmortem intraosseous phlebography as an aid in studies of venous thromboembolism. Angiology. 1969;20:155–179
- Prospective study of exogenous hormones and risk of pulmonary embolism in women. Lancet. 1996;348:983–987
- Elevated factor Xa activity in the blood of asymptomatic patients with congenital antithrombin deficiency. J Clin Invest. 1985;76:826–836
- . The regulation of natural anticoagulant pathways. Science. 1987;235:1348–1352
- The role of the fibrinolytic system in deep vein thrombosis. J Lab Clin Med. 1985;105:265–270
- . Selective cellular expression of tissue factor in human tissues. Implications for disorders of hemostasis and thrombosis. Am J Pathol. 1989;134:1087–1097
- The effect of anticoagulants on postoperative fibrinogen metabolism. Secondary anaemias. XVI. Acta Med Scand. 1973;194:277–283
- . Fibrinogen metabolism following injury and its surgical treatment. Injury. 1970;1:178–185
- . A study of the metabolism of fibrinogen after surgical operations. Clin Sci. 1971;41:141–152
- . Relationship between fibrinogen and blood viscosity. Thromb Res. 1976;8(suppl 2):25–33
- Elevated levels of prothrombin activation fragment 1+2 in plasma from patients with heterozygous Arg506 to Gln mutation in the factor V gene (APC-resistance) and/or inherited protein S deficiency. Thromb Haemost. 1996;76:270–274
- . Actions and interactions of antithrombin and heparin. N Engl J Med. 1975;292:146–151
- . Heparin antithrombin and abnormal clotting. Annu Rev Med. 1978;29:367–378
- . Deficiency of antithrombin 111 activity associated with hereditary thrombosis tendency. J Med. 1972;3:349–358
- . Variations in antithrombin activity in plasma after major surgery. Acta Chir Scand. 1963;126:24–33
- . Postoperative antithrombin III concentration. Lancet. 1973;1:430
- . Oral contraceptives and low antithrombin 111 activity. Lancet. 1970;1:36
- . New molecular insights into the genetics of thrombophilia. Resistance to activated protein C caused by Arg506 to Gin mutation in factor V as a pathogenic risk factor for venous thrombosis. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:139–148
- . Tissue activators of plasminogen. In: Fed Proc. 25:1996;p. 42–51
- . Defective fibrinolysis in blood vein walls in recurrent “idiopathic” venous thrombosis. Acta Chir Scand. 1972;138:313–319
- . A critical review of the evidence supporting a relationship between impaired fibrinolysis and venous thromboembolism. Arch Inter Med. 1991;151:1721–1731
- A comparative study of blood fibrinolytic activity in normal women, pregnant women and women on oral contraceptives. J Obstet Gynaecol Br Common. 1970;77:752–756
- . Fibrinolysis in obesity. Lancet. 1964;2:1205–1207
- Thymic uptake of gallium-67 citrate in a healthy 4-year-old boy. Pediatr Radiol. 1978;7:243–244
- Barriers to xenotransplantation. Nat Med. 1995;1:869–871
- . An evaluation of clinical signs in the diagnosis of venous thrombosis. Arch Surg. 1962;85:738–744
- . Problems of acute deep venous thrombosis. I. The interpretation of signs and symptoms. Angiology. 1969;20:219–223
- Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1995;345:1326–1330
- . The incidence of deep vein thrombosis. Br J Hosp Med. 1971;6:721–726
- Warfarin sodium versus low-dose heparin in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1979;301:855–858
- Different intensities of anticoagulation in the long-term treatment of proximal vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1982;307:1676–1681
- Diagnostic efficacy of impedance plethysmography for clinically suspected deep-vein thrombosis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1985;102:21–28
- Prevention of venous thromboembolism. In: Colman RW, Hirsh J, Marder VJ editor. Hemostasis and Thrombosis: Basic Principles and Clinical Practice. ed 3. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott; 1994;
- Adjusted subcutaneous heparin or continuous intravenous heparin in patients with acute deep vein thrombosis: A randomized trial. Ann Intern Med. 1987;107:441–449
- Adjusted subcutaneous heparin vs warfarin sodium in the long-term treatment of venous thrombosis. N Engl J Med. 1982;306:189–194
- . The diagnosis of acute recurrent DVT: A diagnostic challenge. Circulation. 1983;67:901–906
- . Utility of impedance plethysmography in the diagnosis of recurrent deep-vein thrombosis. Arch Int Med. 1988;148:681–683
- Long-term sequelae of acute venous thrombosis. JAMA. 1983;250:1289–1292
- . Iliac vein compression: Its relation to iliofemoral thrombosis and the post-thrombotic syndrome. Br Med J. 1967;2:14–19
- . The post thrombotic syndrome. Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 1970;47:92–105
- . The post-phlebitic syndrome management by conservative means. In: Bergman JJ, Yao JST editor. Venous Problems. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical Publishers; 1978;p. 369–382
- . Phase II results. A cooperative study. JAMA. 1974;229:1606–1613
- Serial impedance plethysmography for suspected deep venous thrombosis in outpatients: The Amsterdam General Practitioner Study. N Engl J Med. 1986;314:823–828
- Comparison of the accuracy of impedance plethysmography and compression ultrasonography in outpatients with clinically suspected deep vein thrombosis: A two center paired-design prospective trial. Thromb Haemost. 1995;74:1423–1427
- DVT evaluation with limited flip-angle, gradient refocused MRI: Preliminary experience. Radiology. 1988;166:371–375
- DVT of extremities. Role of MRI in the diagnosis. Radiology. 1990;174:425–429
- . Lower extremity venography. In: Wojtowycz M editors. Interventional Radiology and Angiography. Chicago, IL: Year Book Medical; 1990;p. 227–240
- Phlebography as the gold standard in thromboprophylactic studies? A multicenter interobserver variation study. Acta Radiol. 1992;33:24–28
- Diagnosis of deep-vein thrombosis using duplex ultrasound. Ann Intern Med. 1989;111:297–304
- Diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. A prospective study comparing duplex scanning to contrast venography. Circulation. 1989;79:810–814
- Duplex B-mode imaging for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. Arch Surg. 1987;122:587–591
- Duplex ultrasound diagnosis of lower limb venous thrombosis. Aust N Z J Surg. 1990;60:283–288
- Pitfalls in lower extremity venous duplex scanning. J Vasc Surg. 1990;5:675–679
- Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of lower-extremity venous disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1991;152:371–376
- Compression ultrasonography as a reliable imaging monitor in deep venous thrombosis. Surg Gynecol Obstet. 1990;171:233–239
- . Ultrasound evaluation of deep venous thrombosis. Semin Roentgenol. 1992;27:39–52
- . Deep venous thrombosis of the leg. US findings. Radiology. 1987;163:743–746
- . Real-time B-mode venous ultrasound. J Vasc Surg. 1984;1:465–471
- . Iliofemoral venous thrombosis: Real-time ultrasound diagnosis, normal criteria, and clinical application. Radiology. 1984;150:787–792
- Perioperative asymptomatic venous thrombosis: Role of duplex scanning versus venography. J Vasc Surg. 1989;9:251–260
- The comparative value of non-invasive testing for diagnosis and surveillance of deep vein thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 1988;7:40–49
- Symptomatic lower extremity deep venous thrombosis: Accuracy, limitations, and role of color duplex flow imaging in diagnosis. Radiology. 1990;175:639–644
- Color Doppler ultrasound imaging of lower-extremity venous disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1989;152:371–376
- . Image-directed Doppler ultrasound: A screening technique for patients at high risk to develop deep vein thrombosis. J Clin Ultrasound. 1991;19:133–138
- Accuracy of clinical assessment of deep-vein thrombosis. Lancet. 1995;345:1326–1330
- . Correlation of the echogenicity and structure of clotted blood. J Ultrasound Med. 1985;4:421–425
- B-mode sonography of blood clots. J Clin Ultrasound. 1982;10:323–327
- Accuracy of ultrasound for the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis in asymptomatic patients after orthopedic surgery: A meta-analysis. Ann Intern Med. 1995;122:47–53
- Venous thrombosis in patients who have undergone major hip or knee surgery: Detection with compression US and impedance plethysmography. Radiology. 1991;181:651–654
- . Low accuracy of color Doppler ultrasound in detection of proximal leg vein thrombosis in asymptomatic high-risk patients. Ann Intern Med. 1992;117:735–738
- Progress in the diagnosis of deep venous thrombosis. J Vasc Surg. 1988;7:638–641
PII: S0001-2998(01)80038-6
doi: 10.1053/snuc.2001.21406
© 2001 Published by Elsevier Inc.
« Previous
Next »
Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 2
, Pages 90-101
, April 2001
