Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 2 , Pages 129-142 , April 2001

Assessment of peripheral arterial vascular disease with radionuclide techniques

References 

  1. Criqui MH, Fronek A, Barrett-Connor E, et al. The prevalence of peripheral arterial disease in a defined population. Circulation. 1985;71:510–515
  2. Yao ST, Hobbs JT, Irvine WT. Ankle systolic pressure measurements in arterial disease affecting the lower extremities. Br J Surg. 1969;56:676–679
  3. Baker JD, Dix DE. Variability of Doppler ankle pressures with arterial occlusive disease: An evaluation of ankle index and brachial-ankle pressure gradient. Surgery. 1981;89:134–137
  4. Lassen OA, Lindberg J, Munck O. Measurement of blood flow through skeletal muscle by intramuscular injection of Xenon-133. Lancet. 1964;1:686–688
  5. Cutajar CL, Brown NJ, Marston A. Muscle blood-flow studies by the technetium (99mTc) clearance technique in normal subjects and in patients with intermittent claudication. Br J Surg. 1971;58:532–537
  6. Oshima M, Ijima H, Kohda Y, et al. Peripheral arterial disease diagnosed with high-count-rate radionuclide arteriography. Radiology. 1984;152:161–166
  7. Strauss HW, Harrison K, Pitt B. Thallium-201: Noninvasive determination of the regional distribution of cardiac output. J Nucl Med. 1977;18:1167–1170
  8. Smith BC, Quimby EH. Use of radioactive sodium as a tracer in the study of peripheral vascular disease. Radiology. 1945;45:335–346
  9. Kety S. Measurement of regional circulation by the local clearance of radioactive sodium. Am Heart J. 1949;38:321–328
  10. Coffmann JD, Mannick JA. A simple objective test for arteriosclerosis obliternas. N Engl J Med. 1965;273:1297–1391
  11. Alpert JS, Lerson O, Lassen NA. Evaluation of arterial insufficiency of legs: Comparison of arteriography and Xe-133 walking test. Cardiovasc Res. 1968;2:161–169
  12. Sheda H, O'Hara I. Study in peripheral circulation using I-131 and macroaggregated serum albumin. J Exp Med. 1970;101:311–314
  13. Rhodes BA, Greyson ND, Siegel ME, et al. The distribution of radioactive microspheres after intra-arterial injection in the legs of patients with peripheral vascular disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1973;118:820–826
  14. Giargiana FA, Siegel ME, James AE, et al. A preliminary report on the complementary roles of arteriography and perfusion scanning in assessment of peripheral vascular disease. Radiology. 1973;108:619–624
  15. Siegel ME, Giargiana FA, Rhodes BA, et al. Effect of reactive hyperemia on the distribution of radioactive microspheres in patients with peripheral vascular disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1973;118:814–819
  16. Siegel ME, Giargiana FA, White RI, et al. Peripheral vascular perfusion scanning. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1975;125:628–663
  17. Siegel ME, Giargiana FA, Rhodes BA, et al. Perfusion of ischemic ulcera of the extremity. Arch Surg. 1975;110:265–268
  18. Parkin A, Robinson PJ, Martinez D, et al. Radionuclide limb blood flow in peripheral vascular disease: A review of 1,100 measurements. Nucl Med Commun. 1991;12:835–851
  19. Parkin A, Maughan J, Robinson PJ, et al. Radionuclide limb blood flow measurements to resolve diagnostic problems in vascular surgery. Nucl Med Commun. 1994;15:148–151
  20. Tellier P. Whole-body thallium imaging in coronary artery disease. Angiology. 1994;45:867–875
  21. Liu Y, Steinacker JM, Opitz-Gress A, et al. Comparison of whole-body thallium imaging with transcutaneous PO2 in studying regional blood supply in patients with peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Angiology. 1996;47:879–886
  22. Richter W, Beneke R, Barzen G, et al. Quantitative 201Tl-scintigraphy of the lower limb in arterial occlusive disease. Nuklearmedizin. 1993;32:11–17
  23. Chevreaud C, Thouvenot P, Lapeyre G, et al. Thallium 201-muscle scintigraphy: Application to the management of patients with arterial occlusive disease. Angiology. 1987;38:309–314
  24. Segall GM, Lang EV, Lennon SE, et al. Functional imaging of peripheral vascular disease: A comparison between exercise whole-body thallium perfusion imaging and contrast arteriography. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1797–1800
  25. Bajnok L, Kozlovszky B, Varga J, et al. Technetium-99m sestamibi scintigraphy for the assessment of lower extremity ischaemia in peripheral arterial disease. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:1326–1332
  26. Cittanti C, Colamussi P, Giganti M, et al. Technetium-99m sestamibi leg scintigraphy for non-invasive assessment of propionyl-L-carnitine induced changes in skeletal muscle metabolism. Eur J Nucl Med. 1997;24:762–766
  27. Set PA, Miles KA, Jenner JR, et al. Demonstration of popliteal artery entrapment on leg muscle scintigraphy with 99mTc MIBI and single photon emission tomography. Clin Radiol. 1995;50:404–408
  28. Miles KA, Barber RW, Wraight EP, et al. Leg muscle scintigraphy with 99mTc-MIBI in the assessment of peripheral vascular (arterial) disease. Nucl Med Commun. 1992;13:593–603
  29. Moss CM, Veith FJ, Jason R, et al. Isotope angiography in arterial trauma. Surgery. 1979;86:881–885
  30. McCollum PT, Spence VA, Walker WF. Circumferential blood flow measurements in the ischemic limb. Br J Surg. 1985;72:310–312
  31. Smith GT, Wilson TS, Hunter K, et al. Assessment of skeletal muscle viability by PET. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:1408–1414
  32. Schellong SM, Boger RH, Burchert W, et al. Doserelated effect of intravenous L-arginine on muscular blood flow of the calf in patients with peripheral vascular disease: A H215O positron emission tomography study. Clin Sci. 1997;93:159–165
  33. Al-Arafaj A, Ryan EA, Hutchison K, et al. An evaluation of iodine-123 iodoazomycinarabinoside as a marker of localized tissue hypoxia in patients with diabetes mellitus. Eur J Nucl Med. 1994;21:1338–1342
  34. Vallabhajosula S, Fuster V. Atherosclerosis: Imaging techniques and the evolving role of nuclear medicine. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1788–1796
  35. DeGalan MR, Schwendner SW, Weichert JP. Radioiodinated cholesteryl iopanoate as a probe for the in vivo visualization of atherosclerotic lesions in animals. Arteriosclerosis. 1981;2:281–289
  36. DeGalan MR, Schwendner SW, Skinner W, et al. [125]-Iodine cholesteryl iopanoate for measuring extent of atherosclerosis in rabbits. J Nucl Med. 1988;29:503–508
  37. Tsimiakis S, Palinski W, halpern SE, et al. Radiolabeled MDA2, an oxidation-specific, monoclonal antibody, identifies native atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. J Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:41–53
  38. Hardoff R, Braegelmann F, Zanzanico P, et al. External imaging of atherosclerosis in rabbits using a 123I-labeled synthetic peptide fragment. J Clin Pharmacol. 1993;33:1039–1047
  39. Kaliman J, Sinzinger H, Bergmann H, et al. Value of 123I-low density lipoproteins (LDL) in the diagnosis of human atherosclerotic lesions. Circulation. 1985;72:163
  40. Lees AM, Lees RS, Schön FJ. Imaging human atherosclerosis with 99mTc-labeled low-density lipoprotein in human subjects. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:461–470
  41. Virgolini I, Angelberger P, Lupattelli G, et al. In vitro-Einstrom autologer radioaktiv markierter low-densitiy Lipoptroteine (LDL) in menschliche Gefäße. Wien Klin Woschr. 1989;23:798–805
  42. Mettinger K, Larsson S, Ericson K, et al. Detection of atherosclerotic plaques in carotid arteries by the use of 123I-fibrinogen. Lancet. 1978;1:242–244
  43. Erhardt LR, Buck K, Lynch A. Incorporation of 125I-labeled fibrinogen into conorary arterial thrombi in acute myocardial infarction in man. Lancet. 1973;1:387–390
  44. Moschus CB, Oldewurtel HA, Lahivi K. Incorporation of 131I-fibrinogen in coronary artery thrombus detected in vivo with a scintillation camera. Cardiovasc Res. 1974;8:715–720
  45. Mousa SA, Bozarth J, Youssef A, et al. Oral antiplatelet efficacy of the platelet GP IIb/IIIa antagonist, DMP754 in non-human primates. Thromb Res. 1998;89:217–225
  46. Gerrity RG. The role of monocyte in atherogenesis. Am J Pathol. 1981;103:181–190
  47. Fowler S, Shio H, Haley NJ. Characterization of lipidloaden aortic cells from cholesterol-fed rabbits. Investigation of. Lab Invest. 1979;41:372–378
  48. Gerrity RG. Morphological development of atherosclerotic plaque. In: Subbiah MRT editors. Atherosclerosis: A Pediatric Perspective. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press; 1989;p. 9–30
  49. Bylock A, Gerrity RG. Fitc-labeling of leukocytes for tracing monocytes recruitment into atherosclerotic arteries. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;71:17–25
  50. Heyns AP, Lotter MD, Badenhorst PN, et al. Kinetics, distribution and sites of destruction of 111Indium-labeled human platelets. Br J Haematol. 1980;14:269–280
  51. Sinzinger H, Virgolini I. Nuclear medicine and athero-slerosis. Eur J Nucl Med. 1990;17:160–178
  52. Ohtsuki K, Hayase M, Akashi K, et al. Detection of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor expression in experimental atherosclerotic lesions. J Nucl Med. 1999;40:180
  53. Vallabhajosula J, Cachac K, Knesurek J, et al. Imaging atherosclerotic macrophage density by positron emission tomography using F-18-fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG). J Nucl Med. 1996;37:38
  54. Yun M, Araujo L, Yeh D, et al. [F-18]FDG-uptake in large arteries. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:945
  55. Vallabhajosula S, Weinberger J, Machac J, et al. Technetium-99m P280, activated platelet-specific techtide: Phase II clinical studies in patients with carotid atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:272
  56. Vallabhajosula S, Lister-James J, Dean RT, et al. Technetium-99m P748, platelet specific techtidem for imaging arterial thrombus: Preclinical studies in a canine model of intra-arterial thrombus. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:152
  57. Davis HH, Siegel BA, Welch MJ. Scintigraphic detection of an arterial thrombus with 111In-labeled autologous platelets. J Nucl Med. 1980;21:548–549
  58. Thakur ML, Coleman RE, Joist JH, et al. 111Indium-labeled platelets: Studies on preparation and evaluation of in-vitro and in-vivo functions. Thromb Res. 1976;9:345
  59. Dewanjee MK. Radiolabeled platelets in monitoring of drug efficacy in animal models. Thromb Haemorrh Dis. 1990;1:37–51
  60. Finkelstein S, Miller A, Callahan RJ, et al. Imaging of acute arterial injury with 111In-labeled platelets: A comparison with scanning-electron microscope. Radiology. 1982;145:155–162
  61. Powers WJ, Mathias CJ, Welch MJ, et al. Scintigraphic detection of platelet deposition in atherosclerotic macaques: A new technique for investigation of antithrombotic drugs. Thromb Res. 1982;25:137–143
  62. Isaka Y, Kimura K, Yoneda S, et al. Platelet accumulation in carotid atherosclerotic lesions: Semiquantitiative analysis with 111Indium platelets and 99mTechnetium human serum albumin. J Nucl Med. 1984;25:556–563
  63. Moriwaki H, Matsumoto H, Handa N, et al. Functional and anatomic evaluation of carotid atherosclerosis. A combined study of In-111 platelet scintigraphy and B-mode ultrasonography. Arterioscler Thromb. 1995;15:2234–2240
  64. Smyth JV, Dodd PDF, Walker MG. Indium-111 platelet scintigraphy in vascular disease. Br J Surg. 1995;82:588–595
  65. Sinzinger H, Fitscha P, O'Grady J. Detection of aneurysms by gamma-camera imaging after injection of autologous labeled platelets. Lancet. 1984;2:1365–1367
  66. Nyamekye I, Costa D, Raphael M, et al. Thrombosis and restenosis after peripheral angioplasty: Does acute 111Indium-platelet accumulation predict angioplasty outcome?. Eur J Vasc Endovasc Surg. 1997;13:388–393
  67. Sinzinger H, Fitscha P. Epoprostenol and platelet deposition in atherosclerosis. Lancet. 1984;1:905–906
  68. Spears JR, Shopshire D, Paulin S. Fluorescence of experimental atheromatous plaques with hematoporphyrin derivate. J Clin Invest. 1983;71:395–399
  69. Jain D, Kulkarni PFDK, et al. Noninvasive imaging of atherosclerotic plaques with indium-111-labeled lipid seeking coproporphyrin. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35:493
  70. Kessel D, Sykes E. Porphyrin accumulation by atheromatous plaques of the aorta. Photochem Photobiol. 1984;40:59–61
  71. Kessel D. Porphyrin-lipoprotein association as a factor in porphyrin localization. Cancer Lett. 1986;33:183–186
  72. Litvack F, Grundfest WS, Forrester JS. Effects of hemato-porphyrin, derivate and photodynamic therapy on athero-sclerotic rabbits. Am J Cardiol. 1985;56:667–671
  73. Palac RT, Turner FE, Grey LL. Detection of experimental atherosclerosis with radiolabeled hematoporphyrin derivate. Circulation. 1987;76:203
  74. Palac RT, Gray LL, Turner FE, et al. Detection of experimental atherosclerosis with 111Indium radiolabeled hematoporphyrin derivate. Nucl Med Commun. 1989;10:841–850
  75. Wang DW. A simple and efficient method of labeling hematoporphyrin derivate with 111-Indium. Int J Appl Radiat Isot. 1984;35:691–692
  76. Narula J, Bianchi C, Petrov A, et al. Noninvasive localization of experimental atherosclerotic lesions with mouse/human chimeric Z2D3 antibody specific for the proliferating smooth muscle cells of human atheroma. Circulation. 1995;92:474–484
  77. Narula J, Petrov A, Ditlow C, et al. Maximizing radiotracer delivery for scintigraphic localization of experimental atherosclerotic lesions with high-dose negative-charge-modified Z2D3 antibody. J Nucl Cardiol. 1997;4:226–233
  78. Carrio I, Pieri P, Narula J, et al. Noninvasive localization of human atherosclerotic lesions with indium-111-labeled monoclonal Z2D3 antibody specific for proliferating smooth muscle cells. J Nucl Cardiol. 1998;5:551–557
  79. Dinkelborg LM, Duda SH, Hande H, et al. Molecular imaging of atherosclerosis using a technetium-99m-labeled endothelin derivate. J Nucl Med. 1998;39:18100–18122
  80. Elmaleh D, Narula J, Petrov A, et al. Tc-99m-Ap4A for early gamma scintigraphic visualization of experimental atherosclerotic lesions. In: Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 95:1998;p. 691–695
  81. Dinkelborg LM, Duda S, Hanke H, et al. Characterization of a technetium-99m-endothelin derivate for imaging of atherosclerosis in a rabbit ballon denudation model. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:137P
  82. Dashwood MR, Sykes RM, Muddle JR, et al. Autora-diographic localization of [125I]endothelin binding sites in human blood vessels and coronary tissue: Functional correlates. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 1991;17:458–462
  83. Prats L, Torres G, Carrio I, et al. Polyclonal 111In-IgG. 125I-LDL and 125I-endothelin-1 accumulation in experimental arterial wall injury. Eur J Nucl Med. 1993;20:1141–1145
  84. Steinberg D, Parthasarathy S, Carew TE, et al. Beyond cholesterol. Modifications of low-density lipoprotein that increase its atherogenicity. N Engl J Med. 1989;320:915–924
  85. Fischman AJ, Rubin RH, White JA, et al. Localization of Fc- and Fab-fragments of nonspecific polyclonal IgG at focal sites of inflammation. J Nucl Med. 1990;31:1199–1205
  86. Fischman AJ, Rubin RH, Khaw BA, et al. Radionuclide imaging of experimental atherosclerosis with nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin G. J Nucl Med. 1989;30:1095–1100
  87. Demacker PN, Dormans TP, Koenders EB, et al. Evaluation of indium-111-polyclonal immunoglobulin G to quantitate atherosclerosis in Watanabe heritable hyperlipidemic rabbits with scintigraphy: Effect of age and treatment with antioxidants of ethinylestradiol. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:1316–1321
  88. Rodrigues M, Kritz H, Sinzinger H. Final evaluation of a prospective clinical comparative trial of 111-In-labeled polyclonal human IgG (HIG) scintigraphy vs. ultrasonography in 100 patients with carotid artery disease. In: Bergmann H, Kroiss A, Sinzinger H editor. Radioactive Isotopes in Clinical Medicine and Research XXII. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag; 1997;
  89. Kritz H, Rodrigues M, Sinzinger H. Imaging of early carotid artery atherosclerotic lesions with 111In-labeled polyclonal human IgG (HIG). Nuklearmedizin. 1997;36:270–275
  90. Goldman M, Leung JO, Hawker RJ, et al. Imaging carotid artery disease with 111In-labeled platelets: A combined clinical and theoretical study. In: Raynaud C editors. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. Paris: Pergamon; 1982;p. 891–894
  91. Kessler C, Trabant R. Thrombozytenszintigraphie mit 111Indium. Arch Psychiatr Nervenkr. 1982;231:449
  92. Kimura K, Isaka Y, Etani H, et al. In-111 labeled autologous platelet scintigraphy for the detection of vascular thrombi in ischemic cerebrovascular disease. In: Raynaud C editors. Nuclear Medicine and Biology. Paris: Pergamon; 1982;p. 1759–1761
  93. Huang TW, Harker LA. 111In-platelet imaging for detection of platelet depostion in abdominal aneurysms and prosthetic arterial grafts. Am J Cardiol. 1981;47:882–889
  94. Stratton JR, Ritchie JL, Sisk EJ, et al. Inhibition of 111Indium platelet deposition in left ventricular thrombi by platelet active drugs. Circulation. 1982;66:342
  95. Fitscha P, Kaliman J, Sinzinger H. Gamma-camera imaging after autologous human platelet labeling with 111-Inoxine-sulfate: A key for assessing the efficacy of prostaglandin treatment in active atherosclerosis. In: Schrör K editors. Prostaglandin and Other Eicosanoids in the Cardiovascular System. Basel, Switzerland: Karger; 1985;p. 252–361
  96. Kessler C, Henningsen H, Reuther R, et al. Szintigraphie mit 111In-markierten thrombozyten: therapiekontrolle bei acetylsalicsäure (ASS)-behandelten schlaganfallpatientinen. Nuc Compact. 1985;16:30–31
  97. Fitscha P. Prostaglandine in Pathogenese und Therapie der peripheren arteriellen Verschlußkrankheit (PVK). In: Kraupp O, Sinzinger H, Widhalm K editor. Atherogenesis VII. Wien: Maudrich; 1986;p. 124
  98. Sinzinger H, Fitscha P. Influence of prostaglandin E1 on in-vivo accumulation of radiolabeled platelets and LDL on human arteries. Vasa. 1987;17:5–10
  99. Sinzinger H, O'Grady J, Fitscha P, et al. Diminished platelet residence time on active human atherosclerotic lesion in vivo—evidence for an optimal dose of aspirin?. Prostaglandins Leukot Essent Fatty Acids. 1987;34:89–93
  100. Sinzinger H, Fitscha P, Rauscha F, et al. Synergizing effect of prostaglandin E1 and isosorbidedinitrate. Lancet. 1990;1:234–235

PII: S0001-2998(01)80041-6

doi: 10.1053/snuc.2001.21267

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 31, Issue 2 , Pages 129-142 , April 2001

Article Tools