Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 47-55 , January 2004

Molecular imaging in nuclear cardiology

  • H.William Strauss

      Affiliations

    • Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to H. William Strauss, MD, Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Rm. S212, 1275 York Ave., New York, NY 10021, USA
    • ,
  • Ravinder K Grewal

      Affiliations

    • Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
    • ,
  • Neeta Pandit-Taskar

      Affiliations

    • Nuclear Medicine Service, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA

References 

  1. Blumgart H. The velocity of blood flow in health and disease. Baltimore, MD: Williams and Wilkins; 1931;
  2. Nobel e-Museum Web site: Available at: http://www.nobel.se/. Accessed October 8, 2003
  3. Prinzmetal M, Corday E, Bergman HC, et al.  Radiocardiography (A new method for studying the blood flow through the chambers of the heart in human beings). Science. 1948;108:143
  4. Blahd WH. Ben Cassen and the development of the rectilinear scanner. Semin Nucl Med. 1996;26:165–170
  5. Rejali AM, Macintyre WJ, Friedell HL. A radioisotope method of visualization of blood pools. Am J Roentgenol. 1958;79:129–137
  6. Cohen A, Zaleski EJ, Luebs ED, et al.  The use of positron emitter in the determination of coronary blood flow in man. J Nucl Med. 1965;6:651–656
  7. Carr EA, Bierwaltes WH, Wegst AV, et al.  Myocardial scanning with rubidium-86. J Nucl Med. 1962;3:76–82
  8. Carr EA, Gleason G, Shaw J, et al.  The direct diagnosis of acute myocardial infarction by photoscanning after administration of cesium-131. Am Heart J. 1964;68:627–636
  9. Strauss HW, Zaret BL, Hurley PJ, et al.  A scintiphotographic method for measuring left ventricular ejection fraction in man without cardiac catheterization. Am J Cardiol. 1971;28:575–580
  10. Zaret BL, Strauss HW, Hurley PJ, et al.  A noninvasive scintiphotographic method for detecting regional ventricular dysfunction in man. N Engl J Med. 1971;284:1165–1170
  11. Borer JS, Bacharach SL, Green MV, et al.  Real-time radionuclide cineangiography in the noninvasive evaluation of global and regional left ventricular function at rest and during exercise in patients with coronary-artery disease. N Engl J Med. 1977;296:839–844
  12. Zaret BL, Strauss HW, Martin ND, et al.  Noninvasive regional myocardial perfusion with radioactive potassium. Study of patients at rest, with exercise and during angina pectoris. N Engl J Med. 1973;288:809–812
  13. Narula J: Unpublished observation
  14. World Health Organization Web site: Available at: http://www.who.int/cardiovascular_diseases/prevention_control/en/. Accessed October 8, 2003
  15. American Heart Association . In: Heart Facts. Dallas, TX: American Heart Association; 2003;p. 5
  16. Bersh BJ, Braunwald E, Bonow RO. Chronic coronary artery disease. In:  Braunwald EB,  Zipes D,  Libby P editor. Heart Disease. (ed 6). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 1272–1353 chap 37
  17. Libby P. The vascular biology of atherosclerosis. In:  Braunwald EB,  Zipes D,  Libby P editor. Heart Disease. (ed 6). Philadelphia, PA: Saunders; 2001;p. 995–1006 chap 30
  18. Stary HC, Chandler AB, Glagov S, et al.  A definition of initial, fatty streak, and intermediate lesions of atherosclerosis: A report from the Committee on Vascular Lesions of the Council on Arteriosclerosis, American Heart Association. Special report. Arterioscler Thromb. 1994;14:840–856
  19. Glagov S, Weisenberg E, Zarins CK, et al.  Compensatory enlargement of human atherosclerotic coronary arteries. N Engl J Med. 1987;316:1371–1375
  20. Stary HC. The development of calcium deposits in atherosclerotic lesions and their persistence after lipid regression. Am J Cardiol. 2001;88(suppl 2):16–19
  21. Takahashi K, Takeya M, Sakashita N. Multifunctional roles of macrophages in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in humans and experimental animals. Med Electron Microsc. 2002;35:179–203
  22. Schindler TH, Nitzsche E, Magosaki N. Regional myocardial perfusion defects during exercise, as assessed by three dimensional integration of morphology and function, in relation to abnormal endothelium dependent vasoreactivity of the coronary microcirculation. Heart. 2003;89:517–526
  23. Manginas A, Voudris V, Pavlides G, et al.  Effect of plaque burden on coronary vasoreactivity in early atherosclerosis. Am J Cardiol. 1998;81:401–406
  24. Parker RA, Huang Q, Tesfamariam B. Influence of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors on endothelial nitric oxide synthase and the formation of oxidants in the vasculature. Atherosclerosis. 2003;169:19–29
  25. Maxwell AJ, Zapien MP, Pearce GL, et al.  Randomized trial of a medical food for the dietary management of chronic, stable angina. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2002;39:37–45
  26. Stary HC, Chandler AB, Dinsmore RE, et al.  A definition of advanced types of atherosclerotic lesions and a histological classification of atherosclerosis (A report from the committee on vascular lesions of the Council on Atherosclerosis, American Heart Association). Circulation. 1995;92:1355–1374
  27. Lees RS, Lees AM, Strauss HW. External imaging of human atherosclerosis. J Nucl Med. 1983;24:154–156
  28. Lees RS, Garabedian HD, Lees AM, et al.  Technetium-99m low density lipoproteins (preparation and biodistribution). J Nucl Med. 1985;26:1056–1062
  29. Leitha T, Staudenherz A, Gmeiner B, et al.  Technetium-99m labelled LDL as a tracer for quantitative LDL scintigraphy. II. In vivo validation, LDL receptor-dependent and unspecific hepatic uptake and scintigraphic results. Eur J Nucl Med. 1993;20:674–679
  30. Lees AM, Lees RS, Schoen FJ, et al.  Imaging human atherosclerosis with 99mTc-labeled low density lipoproteins. Arteriosclerosis. 1988;8:461–470
  31. Ginsberg HN, Goldsmith SJ, Vallabhajosula S. Noninvasive imaging of 99mtechnetium-labeled low density lipoprotein uptake by tendon xanthomas in hypercholesterolemic patients. Arteriosclerosis. 1990;10:256–262
  32. Fischman AJ, Rubin RH, Khaw BA, et al.  Radionuclide imaging of experimental atherosclerosis with nonspecific polyclonal immunoglobulin. G.J Nucl Med. 1989;30:1095–1100
  33. Tsimikas S, Palinski W, Halpern SE, et al.  Radiolabeled MDA2, an oxidation-specific, monoclonal antibody, identifies native atherosclerotic lesions in vivo. Nucl Cardiol. 1999;6:41–53
  34. Elmaleh DR, Narula J, Babich JW, et al.  Rapid noninvasive detection of experimental atherosclerotic lesions with novel 99mTc-labeled diadenosine tetraphosphates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:691–695
  35. Shaish A, Keren G, Chouraqui P, et al.  Imaging of aortic atherosclerotic lesions by (125)I-LDL, (125)I-oxidized-LDL, (125)I-HDL and (125)I-BSA. Pathobiology. 2001;69:225–229
  36. Ohtsuki K, Hayase M, Akashi K, et al.  Detection of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor expression in experimental atherosclerotic lesions (An autoradiographic study). Circulation. 2001;104:203–208
  37. Vallabhajosula S, Fuster V. Atherosclerosis (Imaging techniques and the evolving role of nuclear medicine). J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1788–1796
  38. Rudd JH, Warburton EA, Fryer TD, et al.  Imaging atherosclerotic plaque inflammation with [18F]-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography. Circulation. 2002;105:2708–2711
  39. Yun M, Jang S, Cucchiara A, et al.  18F FDG uptake in the large arteries (a correlation study with the atherogenic risk factors). Semin Nucl Med. 2002;32:70–76
  40. Dunphy MP, Freiman AH, Larson SM, et al.  Detecting F-18 FDFG in the coronary arteries, aorta, carotids and iliac vessels (Comparison to vascular calcification). J Nucl Med. 2003;55:58P; (abstract)
  41. Carrio I, Pieri PL, Narula J, et al.  Noninvasive localization of human atherosclerotic lesions with indium 111-labeled monoclonal Z2D3 antibody specific for proliferating smooth muscle cells. Nucl Cardiol. 1998;5:551–557
  42. Tepe G, Duda SH, Meding J, et al.  Tc-99m-labeled endothelin derivative for imaging of experimentally induced atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis. 2001;157:383–392
  43. Mari C, Nedelman M, Blankenberg F, et al.  Detection of active atheroma in a rabbit model (Evaluation of 8 radiotracers). J Nucl Med. 2001;42:45P; (abstract)
  44. Strauss HW, Blankenberg FG. Small is beautiful (Specialty imaging devices and the growth of nuclear cardiology). J Nucl Cardiol. 2000;7:175–179
  45. Humm JL, Rozenfeld A, Del Guerra A. PET Detectors to PET scanners (A review). Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30:1574–1597
  46. Sinzinger H, Virgolini I. Nuclear medicine and atherosclerosis. Eur J Nucl Med. 1990;17:160–178
  47. Ohtsuki K, Hayase M, Akashi K, et al.  Detection of monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 receptor expression in experimental atherosclerotic lesions (An autoradiographic study). Circulation. 2001;104:203–208
  48. Naghavi M, Madjid M, Gul K, et al.  Thermography basket catheter (In vivo measurement of the temperature of atherosclerotic plaques for detection of vulnerable plaques). Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2003;59:52–59
  49. Stefanadis C, Toutouzas K, Tsiamis E, et al.  Thermal heterogeneity in stable human coronary atherosclerotic plaques is underestimated in vivo (The “cooling effect” of blood flow). J Am Coll Cardiol. 2003;41:403–408
  50. Newsholme P, Gordon S, Newsholme EA. Rates of utilization and fates of glucose, glutamine, pyruvate, fatty acids and ketone bodies by mouse macrophages. Biochem J. 1987;242:631–636
  51. Meller J, Strutz F, Siefker U, et al.  Early diagnosis and follow-up of aortitis with [(18)F]FDG PET and MRI. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30:730–736
  52. Ogawa M, Mukai T, Ishino S, et al.  18FFDG accumulation to the atherosclerotic vulnerable plaque (Correlation with infiltrated macrophage number). J Nucl Med. 2003;(suppl 1):189P; (abstract)
  53. Blankenberg FG, Katsikis PD, Tait JF, et al.  In vivo detection and imaging of phosphatidylserine expression during programmed cell death. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1998;95:6349–6354
  54. Mari C, Strauss HW. Radiotracer characterization of coronary artery lesions. Nucl Med Commun. 2002;23:703–706 (editorial)
  55. Mari C, Blankenberg F, Narula Z, et al.  99mTc-annexin V versus 18F-FDG in the identification of atherosclerotic plaques in apoE-/-mice. J Nucl Med. 2002;43:1P–2P
  56. Barbash IM, Chouraqui P, Baron J, et al.  Systemic delivery of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells to the infarcted myocardium (Feasibility, cell migration, and body distribution). Circulation. 2003;108:863–868
  57. Hutchins G, Schwaiger M, Rosenpire K, et al.  Non invasive quantitation of regional myocardial blood flow in the human heart using N-13 ammonia and dynamic positron emission tomographic. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:1032–1042
  58. Muzik O, Beanlands RS, Hutchins GD, et al.  Validation of nitrogen 13 ammonia tracer kinetic model for quantification of myocardial blood flow using PET. J Nucl Med. 1993;34:83–91
  59. Gould K, Kirkeeide R, Buchi M. Coronary flow reserve as a physiologic measure of stenosis severity. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1990;15:459–474
  60. Halcox JP, Schenke WH, Zalos G, et al.  Prognostic value of coronary vascular endothelial dysfunction. Circulation. 2002;106:653–658
  61. Yoshinaga K, Katoh C, Noriyasu K, et al.  Reduction of coronary flow reserve in areas with and without ischemia on stress perfusion imaging in patients with coronary artery disease (A study using oxygen 15-labeled water PET). J Nucl Cardiol. 2003;10:275–283
  62. Pitkanen OP, Nuutila P, Raitakari OT, et al.  Coronary flow reserve in young men with familial combined hyperlipidemia. Circulation. 1999;99:1678–1684
  63. Pitkanen OP, Nuutila P, Raitakari OT, et al.  Coronary flow reserve is reduced in young men with IDDM. Diabetes. 1998;47:248–254
  64. Schelbert H, Henze E, Schon H. C-11 palmitic acid for the noninvasive evaluation of regional mupocardial fatty acid metabolism with positron computed tomography. IV. In vivo demonstration of impaired fatty acid oxidation in acute myocardial ischemia. Am Heart J. 1983;106:736–750
  65. Beanlands RS, Bach DS, Raylman R, et al.  Acute effects of dobutamine on myocardial oxygen consumption and cardiacefficiency measured using carbon 11 acetate kinetics in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1993;22:1389–1398
  66. Buxton DB, Schwaiger M, Nguyen A, et al.  Radiolabelled acetate as a tracer of myocardial tricarboxylic acid cycle flux. Circ Res. 1988;63:628–634
  67. Losordo DW, Vale PR, Symes JF, et al.  Gene therapy for myocardial angiogenesis (Initial clinical results with direct myocardial injection of phVEGF165 as sole therapy for myocardial ischemia). Circulation. 1998;98:2800–2804
  68. Hendel RC, Henry TD, Rocha-Singh K, et al.  Effect of intracoronary recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor on myocardial perfusion (Evidence for a dose-dependent effect). Circulation. 2000;101:118–121
  69. Isner JM, Walsh K, Rosenfield K, et al.  Arterial gene therapy for restenosis. Hum Gene Ther. 1996;7:989–1011
  70. Isner JM, Walsh K, Symes J, et al.  Arterial gene transfer for therapeutic angiogenesis in patients with peripheral artery disease. Hum Gene Ther. 1996;7:959–988
  71. Khurana R, Simons M. Insights from angiogenesis trials using fibroblast growth factor for advanced arteriosclerotic disease. Trends Cardiovasc Med. 2003;13:116–122
  72. Ehsan A, Mann MJ, Dell’Acqua G, et al.  Endothelial healing in vein grafts (Proliferative burst unimpaired by genetic therapy of neointimal disease). Circulation. 2002;105:1686–1692
  73. Mangi AA, Dzau VJ. Gene therapy for human bypass grafts. Ann Med. 2001;33:153–155

PII: S0001-2998(03)00072-2

doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2003.09.006

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 34, Issue 1 , Pages 47-55 , January 2004

Article Tools

* Image Usage & Resolution