Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 39, Issue 6 , Pages 431-442 , November 2009

Multislice SPECT/CT in Benign and Malignant Bone Disease: When the Ordinary Turns Into the Extraordinary

  • Gopinath Gnanasegaran, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Radiology/Nuclear Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
    • Corresponding Author InformationAddress reprint requests to Gopinath Gnanasegaran, MD, Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Lambeth Palace Rd, London SE1 7EH, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Tara Barwick, MRCP, FRCR

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Kathryn Adamson, MSc

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Hosahalli Mohan, MRCP

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • David Sharp, HNC

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
  • ,
  • Ignac Fogelman, MD

      Affiliations

    • Department of Nuclear Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom

References 

  1. Pietrzyk U, Herholz K, Fink G, et al. An interactive technique for three-dimensional image registration: Validation for PET, SPECT, MRI and CT brain studies. J Nucl Med. 1994;35:2011–2018
  2. Perault C, Schvartz C, Wampach H, et al. Thoracic and abdominal SPECT-CT image fusion without external markers in endocrine carcinomas; The Group of Thyroid Tumoral Pathology of Champagne-Ardenne. J Nucl Med. 1997;38:1234–1242
  3. Slomka PJ. Software approach to merging molecular with anatomic information. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(suppl 1):36S–45S
  4. Forster GJ, Laumann C, Nickel O, et al. SPET/CT image co-registration in the abdomen with a simple and cost-effective tool. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30:32–39
  5. Metser U, Golan O, Levine CD, et al. Tumor lesion detection: When is integrated positron emission tomography/computed tomography more accurate than side-by-side interpretation of positron emission tomography and computed tomography?. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 2005;29:554–559
  6. Hasegawa BH, Wong KH, Iwata K, et al. Dual-modality imaging of cancer with SPECT/CT. Technol Cancer Res Treat. 2002;1:449–458
  7. Townsend DW, Cherry SR. Combining anatomy and function: The path to true image fusion. Eur Radiol. 2001;11:1968–1974
  8. Lang TF, Hasegawa BH, Liew SC, et al. Description of a prototype emission-transmission computed tomography imaging system. J Nucl Med. 1992;33:1881–1887
  9. Bocher M, Balan A, Krausz Y, et al. Gamma camera-mounted anatomical X-ray tomography: Technology, system characteristics and first images. Eur J Nucl Med. 2000;27:619–627
  10. Patton JA, Delbeke D, Sandler MP. Image fusion using an integrated, dual-head coincidence camera with X-ray tube-based attenuation maps. J Nucl Med. 2000;41:1364–1368
  11. O'Connor MK, Kemp BJ. Single-photon emission computed tomography/computed tomography: Basic instrumentation and innovations. Semin Nucl Med. 2006;36:258–266
  12. Krishnamurthy GT, Tubis M, Hiss J, et al. Distribution pattern of metastatic bone disease (A need for total body skeletal image). J Am Med Assoc. 1977;237:2504–2506
  13. Even-Sapir E. Imaging of malignant bone involvement by morphologic, scintigraphic, and hybrid modalities. J Nucl Med. 2005;46:1356–1367
  14. Edelstyn GA, Gillespie PJ, Grebbell FS. The radiological demonstration of osseous metastases (Experimental observations). Clin Radiol. 1967;18:158–162
  15. Buhmann KS, Becker C, Duerr HR, et al. Detection of osseous metastases of the spine: Comparison of high resolution multi-detector-CT with MRI. Eur J Radiol. 2009;69:567–573
  16. Shih TT, Huang KM, Li YW. Solitary vertebral collapse: Distinction between benign and malignant causes using MR patterns. J Magn Reson Imaging. 1999;9:635–642
  17. Spuentrup E, Buecker A, Adam G, et al. Diffusion-weighted MR imaging for differentiation of benign fracture edema and tumor infiltration of the vertebral body. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2001;176:351–358
  18. Gates GF. SPECT bone scanning of the spine. Semin Nucl Med. 1998;28:78–94
  19. Savelli G, Maffioli L, Maccauro M, et al. Bone scintigraphy and the added value of SPECT (single photon emission tomography) in detecting skeletal lesions. Q J Nucl Med. 2001;45:27–37
  20. Even-Sapir E, Martin RH, Barnes DC, et al. Role of SPECT in differentiating malignant from benign lesions in the lower thoracic and lumbar vertebrae. Radiology. 1993;187:193–198
  21. Bushnell DL, Kahn D, Huston B, et al. Utility of SPECT imaging for determination of vertebral metastases in patients with known primary tumors. Skeletal Radiol. 1995;24:13–16
  22. Han LJ, Au-Yong TK, Tong WC, et al. Comparison of bone single-photon emission tomography and planar imaging in the detection of vertebral metastases in patients with back pain. Eur J Nucl Med. 1998;25:635–638
  23. Daffner RH, Lupetin AR, Dash N, et al. MRI in the detection of malignant infiltration of bone marrow. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1986;146:353–358
  24. Utsunomiya D, Shiraishi S, Imuta M, et al. Added value of SPECT/CT fusion in assessing suspected bone metastasis: Comparison with scintigraphy alone and nonfused scintigraphy and CT. Radiology. 2006;238:264–271
  25. Strobel K, Burger C, Seifert B, et al. Characterization of focal bone lesions in the axial skeleton: Performance of planar bone scintigraphy compared with SPECT and SPECT fused with CT. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2007;188:W467–W474
  26. Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, et al. Evaluation of combined transmission and emission tomography for classification of skeletal lesions. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 2004;183:655–661
  27. Romer W, Nomayr A, Uder M, et al. SPECT-guided CT for evaluating foci of increased bone metabolism classified as indeterminate on SPECT in cancer patients. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1102–1106
  28. Barwick T, Fernando R, Gnanasegaran G, et al. The use of 99mTc-MDP SPECT/CT in the evaluation of indeterminate bone lesions on whole body planar imaging in cancer patients. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(suppl 2):S155;(abstract)
  29. Even-Sapir E, Flusser G, Lerman H, et al. SPECT/multislice low-dose CT: A clinically relevant constituent in the imaging algorithm of nononcologic patients referred for bone scintigraphy. J Nucl Med. 2007;48:319–324
  30. Ryan PJ, Evans PA, Gibson T, et al. Chronic low back pain: Comparison of bone SPECT with radiography and CT. Radiology. 1992;182:849–854
  31. Dolan AL, Ryan PJ, Arden NK, et al. The value of SPECT scans in identifying back pain likely to benefit from facet joint injection. Br J Rheumatol. 1996;35:1269–1273
  32. Pneumaticos SG, Chatziioannou SN, Hipp JA, et al. Low back pain: Prediction of short-term outcome of facet joint injection with bone scintigraphy. Radiology. 2006;238:693–698
  33. Holder LE, Machin JL, Asdourian PL, et al. Planar and high-resolution SPECT bone imaging in the diagnosis of facet syndrome. J Nucl Med. 1995;36:37–44
  34. Ryan PJ, Fogelman I. Osteoporotic vertebral fractures: Diagnosis with radiography and bone scintigraphy. Radiology. 1994;190:669–672
  35. Ryan PJ, Evans P, Gibson T, et al. Osteoporosis and chronic back pain: A study with single-photon emission computed tomography bone scintigraphy. J Bone Miner Res. 1992;7:1455–1460
  36. Mulholland NJ, Gnanasegaran G, Mohan HK, et al. Recognition of the femoroacetabular impingement syndrome on MDP SPECT CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2008;33:125–127
  37. Lee A, Emmett L, Van der WH, et al. SPECT/CT of femeroacetabular impingement. Clin Nucl Med. 2008;33:757–762
  38. Beall DP, Sweet CF, Martin HD, et al. Imaging findings of femoroacetabular impingement syndrome. Skeletal Radiol. 2005;34:691–701
  39. Kassarjian A, Brisson M, Palmer WE. Femoroacetabular impingement. Eur J Radiol. 2007;63:29–35
  40. Bredella MA, Stoller DW. MR imaging of femoroacetabular impingement. MRI Clin North Am. 2005;13:653–664
  41. Mohamed A, Ryan P, Lewis M, et al. Registration bone scan in the evaluation of wrist pain. J Hand Surg. 1997;22:161–166
  42. Gnanasegaran G, Mohan HK, Sharp D, et al. Single photon emission computed tomography-computed tomography in the management of foot pathology. Nucl Med Commun. 2008;29:482;(abstract)
  43. Ryan PJ, Chauduri R, Bingham J, et al. A comparison of MRI and bone SPET in the diagnosis of knee pathology. Nucl Med Commun. 1996;17:125–131
  44. Ryan PJ, Reddy K, Fleetcroft J. A prospective comparison of clinical examination, MRI, bone SPECT, and arthroscopy to detect meniscal tears. Clin Nucl Med. 1998;23:803–806
  45. Cook GJ, Ryan PJ, Clarke SE, et al. SPECT bone scintigraphy of anterior cruciate ligament injury. J Nucl Med. 1996;37:1353–1356
  46. Collier BD, Johnson RP, Carrera GF, et al. Chronic knee pain assessed by SPECT: Comparison with other modalities. Radiology. 1985;157:795–802
  47. Fernando RA, Panchadhar S, Barwick T, et al. Initial experience of SPECT/CT in patients with problematic painful knee. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(suppl 2):S379;(abstract)
  48. Pineda C, Vargas A, Rodriguez AV. Imaging of osteomyelitis: Current concepts. Infect Dis Clin North Am. 2006;20:789–825
  49. Bar-Shalom R, Yefremov N, Guralnik L, et al. SPECT/CT using 67Ga and 111In-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for diagnosis of infection. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:587–594
  50. Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, et al. The value of SPET/CT in chronic osteomyelitis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2003;30:1665–1673
  51. Filippi L, Schillaci O. Usefulness of hybrid SPECT/CT in 99mTc-HMPAO-labeled leukocyte scintigraphy for bone and joint infections. J Nucl Med. 2006;47:1908–1913
  52. Horger M, Eschmann SM, Pfannenberg C, et al. Added value of SPECT/CT in patients suspected of having bone infection: Preliminary results. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg. 2007;127:211–221
  53. Gnanasegaran G, Barwick T, Milburn H, et al. Tuberculosis of spine on Tc-99m MDP bone scan: additional role of SPECT-CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2009;34:271–274

PII: S0001-2998(09)00059-2

doi: 10.1053/j.semnuclmed.2009.07.005

Seminars in Nuclear Medicine
Volume 39, Issue 6 , Pages 431-442 , November 2009